diff --git a/src/diffusers/loaders/lora_base.py b/src/diffusers/loaders/lora_base.py
index 5b5579664b55..8b8fe971e156 100644
--- a/src/diffusers/loaders/lora_base.py
+++ b/src/diffusers/loaders/lora_base.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     set_adapter_layers,
     set_weights_and_activate_adapters,
 )
-from ..utils.peft_utils import _create_lora_config
+from ..utils.peft_utils import _create_lora_config, _validate_lora_weight_compatibility
 from ..utils.state_dict_utils import _load_sft_state_dict_metadata
 
 
@@ -393,6 +393,8 @@ def _load_lora_into_text_encoder(
         if adapter_name is None:
             adapter_name = get_adapter_name(text_encoder)
 
+        _validate_lora_weight_compatibility(text_encoder, state_dict, adapter_name=adapter_name)
+
         # <Unsafe code
         is_model_cpu_offload, is_sequential_cpu_offload, is_group_offload = _func_optionally_disable_offloading(
             _pipeline
diff --git a/src/diffusers/loaders/peft.py b/src/diffusers/loaders/peft.py
index daa078bc25d5..f029e6f9933c 100644
--- a/src/diffusers/loaders/peft.py
+++ b/src/diffusers/loaders/peft.py
@@ -38,7 +38,11 @@
     set_adapter_layers,
     set_weights_and_activate_adapters,
 )
-from ..utils.peft_utils import _create_lora_config, _maybe_warn_for_unhandled_keys
+from ..utils.peft_utils import (
+    _create_lora_config,
+    _maybe_warn_for_unhandled_keys,
+    _validate_lora_weight_compatibility,
+)
 from .lora_base import _fetch_state_dict, _func_optionally_disable_offloading
 from .unet_loader_utils import _maybe_expand_lora_scales
 
@@ -264,6 +268,8 @@ def load_lora_adapter(
                 lora_config.modules_to_save = lora_config.exclude_modules
                 lora_config.exclude_modules = None
 
+            _validate_lora_weight_compatibility(self, state_dict, adapter_name=adapter_name)
+
             # <Unsafe code
             # We can be sure that the following works as it just sets attention processors, lora layers and puts all in the same dtype
             # Now we remove any existing hooks to `_pipeline`.
diff --git a/src/diffusers/utils/peft_utils.py b/src/diffusers/utils/peft_utils.py
index 65bcfe631e97..b345b242743a 100644
--- a/src/diffusers/utils/peft_utils.py
+++ b/src/diffusers/utils/peft_utils.py
@@ -398,6 +398,109 @@ def _maybe_raise_error_for_ambiguous_keys(config):
                 )
 
 
+def _get_lora_base_module(module):
+    if hasattr(module, "base_layer"):
+        return module.base_layer
+    return module
+
+
+def _get_lora_base_layer_info(module):
+    base = _get_lora_base_module(module)
+    if isinstance(base, torch.nn.Linear):
+        return "linear", base.in_features, base.out_features, base.weight.ndim
+    if isinstance(base, torch.nn.Conv2d):
+        return "conv2d", base.in_channels, base.out_channels, base.weight.ndim
+    return None, None, None, None
+
+
+def _validate_lora_weight_compatibility(model, state_dict, adapter_name=None, max_mismatches=5):
+    """
+    Validate that LoRA checkpoint tensors match the target model's base layer shapes before adapter injection.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If any LoRA weight has incompatible rank, feature dimensions, or tensor rank (ndim) with the
+            corresponding base module (e.g. SD 1.5 Conv LoRA loaded into an SDXL Linear target).
+    """
+    mismatches = []
+
+    for key, tensor in state_dict.items():
+        if ".lora_A." not in key and ".lora_B." not in key:
+            continue
+        if not key.endswith(".weight"):
+            continue
+
+        if ".lora_A." in key:
+            module_name = key.split(".lora_A.")[0]
+            lora_side = "lora_A"
+        else:
+            module_name = key.split(".lora_B.")[0]
+            lora_side = "lora_B"
+
+        try:
+            module = model.get_submodule(module_name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            continue
+
+        layer_type, in_dim, out_dim, expected_ndim = _get_lora_base_layer_info(module)
+        if layer_type is None:
+            continue
+
+        if lora_side == "lora_A":
+            if tensor.ndim != expected_ndim:
+                mismatches.append(
+                    (
+                        key,
+                        f"checkpoint ndim={tensor.ndim} {tuple(tensor.shape)} vs model expects "
+                        f"{layer_type} ndim={expected_ndim}",
+                    )
+                )
+                continue
+            checkpoint_in_dim = tensor.shape[1]
+            if checkpoint_in_dim != in_dim:
+                mismatches.append(
+                    (
+                        key,
+                        f"checkpoint in-dim={checkpoint_in_dim} {tuple(tensor.shape)} vs model expects "
+                        f"{layer_type} in-dim={in_dim}",
+                    )
+                )
+        else:
+            if tensor.ndim != expected_ndim:
+                mismatches.append(
+                    (
+                        key,
+                        f"checkpoint ndim={tensor.ndim} {tuple(tensor.shape)} vs model expects "
+                        f"{layer_type} ndim={expected_ndim}",
+                    )
+                )
+                continue
+            checkpoint_out_dim = tensor.shape[0]
+            if checkpoint_out_dim != out_dim:
+                mismatches.append(
+                    (
+                        key,
+                        f"checkpoint out-dim={checkpoint_out_dim} {tuple(tensor.shape)} vs model expects "
+                        f"{layer_type} out-dim={out_dim}",
+                    )
+                )
+
+        if len(mismatches) >= max_mismatches:
+            break
+
+    if mismatches:
+        details = "\n".join(f"  - {key}: {reason}" for key, reason in mismatches)
+        extra = ""
+        if len(mismatches) >= max_mismatches:
+            extra = f"\n  ... (showing first {max_mismatches} mismatches)"
+        adapter_msg = f" for adapter '{adapter_name}'" if adapter_name is not None else ""
+        raise ValueError(
+            "The loaded LoRA weights are incompatible with the current model dimensions"
+            f"{adapter_msg}. Please check the model architecture version "
+            "(for example, an SD 1.5 LoRA cannot be loaded into an SDXL pipeline).\n"
+            f"Found shape mismatch(es):\n{details}{extra}"
+        )
+
+
 def _maybe_warn_for_unhandled_keys(incompatible_keys, adapter_name):
     warn_msg = ""
     if incompatible_keys is not None:
diff --git a/tests/lora/test_lora_layers_sdxl.py b/tests/lora/test_lora_layers_sdxl.py
index ac1d65abdaa7..678162621e5a 100644
--- a/tests/lora/test_lora_layers_sdxl.py
+++ b/tests/lora/test_lora_layers_sdxl.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
 from packaging import version
 from transformers import CLIPTextModel, CLIPTextModelWithProjection, CLIPTokenizer
 
@@ -55,6 +56,34 @@
 from .utils import PeftLoraLoaderMixinTests, check_if_lora_correctly_set, state_dicts_almost_equal  # noqa: E402
 
 
+def _build_sd15_incompatible_lora_state_dict(unet, rank=32):
+    """
+    Build a minimal LoRA state dict that mimics SD 1.5 checkpoint shapes when loaded into an SDXL UNet.
+
+    Includes:
+    - 4D Conv-style LoRA tensors targeting a Linear `proj_in` layer (ndim mismatch).
+    - 768-dim cross-attention LoRA tensors targeting SDXL's `attn2.to_k` (feature dim mismatch).
+    """
+    state_dict = {}
+
+    for name, module in unet.named_modules():
+        if name.endswith("proj_in") and isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
+            state_dict[f"unet.{name}.lora_A.weight"] = torch.zeros(rank, 640, 1, 1)
+            state_dict[f"unet.{name}.lora_B.weight"] = torch.zeros(module.out_features, rank, 1, 1)
+            break
+
+    for name, module in unet.named_modules():
+        if name.endswith("attn2.to_k") and isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
+            state_dict[f"unet.{name}.lora_A.weight"] = torch.zeros(rank, 768)
+            state_dict[f"unet.{name}.lora_B.weight"] = torch.zeros(module.out_features, rank)
+            break
+
+    if len(state_dict) < 4:
+        raise RuntimeError("Could not find SDXL UNet modules needed for incompatible LoRA regression test.")
+
+    return state_dict
+
+
 if is_accelerate_available():
     from accelerate.utils import release_memory
 
@@ -152,6 +181,34 @@ def test_lora_scale_kwargs_match_fusion(self):
 
         super().test_lora_scale_kwargs_match_fusion(expected_atol=expected_atol, expected_rtol=expected_rtol)
 
+    def test_load_sd15_lora_into_sdxl_raises_incompatibility_error(self):
+        """
+        Regression test for https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/issues/11286
+
+        Loading an SD 1.5 LoRA into an SDXL pipeline must fail early with a clear ValueError before PEFT injects
+        adapter shells into the UNet.
+        """
+        components, _, _ = self.get_dummy_components()
+        pipe = self.pipeline_class(**components)
+
+        incompatible_lora_state_dict = _build_sd15_incompatible_lora_state_dict(pipe.unet)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err_context:
+            pipe.load_lora_weights(incompatible_lora_state_dict)
+
+        error_message = str(err_context.exception)
+        self.assertIn(
+            "The loaded LoRA weights are incompatible with the current model dimensions",
+            error_message,
+        )
+        self.assertIn("Please check the model architecture version", error_message)
+        self.assertIn("Found shape mismatch(es):", error_message)
+        self.assertIn("proj_in.lora_A.weight", error_message)
+        self.assertIn("attn2.to_k.lora_A.weight", error_message)
+
+        self.assertFalse(check_if_lora_correctly_set(pipe.unet))
+        self.assertFalse(getattr(pipe.unet, "_hf_peft_config_loaded", False))
+
 
 @slow
 @nightly