diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index 3fc14dd5..57d0bb2a 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -145,6 +145,11 @@ class Replicate {
   async run(ref, options, progress) {
     const { wait = { mode: "block" }, signal, ...data } = options;
 
+    // Honour an already-aborted signal before any network work happens.
+    if (signal && signal.aborted) {
+      signal.throwIfAborted();
+    }
+
     const identifier = ModelVersionIdentifier.parse(ref);
 
     let prediction;
@@ -153,12 +158,14 @@ class Replicate {
         ...data,
         version: identifier.version,
         wait: wait.mode === "block" ? wait.timeout ?? true : false,
+        signal,
       });
     } else if (identifier.owner && identifier.name) {
       prediction = await this.predictions.create({
         ...data,
         model: `${identifier.owner}/${identifier.name}`,
         wait: wait.mode === "block" ? wait.timeout ?? true : false,
+        signal,
       });
     } else {
       throw new Error("Invalid model version identifier");
@@ -191,7 +198,16 @@ class Replicate {
     }
 
     if (signal && signal.aborted) {
-      prediction = await this.predictions.cancel(prediction.id);
+      // Best-effort cancel on Replicate's side so we don't keep billing the
+      // user for compute they no longer want, then surface the abort to the
+      // caller. Without the throw, the awaited promise would resolve with a
+      // half-cancelled prediction, which is silent on the consumer side.
+      try {
+        prediction = await this.predictions.cancel(prediction.id);
+      } catch {
+        // Ignore cancel failures — the abort is the higher-priority signal.
+      }
+      signal.throwIfAborted();
     }
 
     // Call progress callback with the completed prediction object
diff --git a/index.test.ts b/index.test.ts
index 96f50db7..b5ce274a 100644
--- a/index.test.ts
+++ b/index.test.ts
@@ -1598,20 +1598,28 @@ describe("Replicate client", () => {
         });
 
       const onProgress = jest.fn();
-      const output = await client.run(
-        "owner/model:5c7d5dc6dd8bf75c1acaa8565735e7986bc5b66206b55cca93cb72c9bf15ccaa",
-        {
-          wait: { mode: "poll" },
-          input: { text: "Hello, world!" },
-          signal,
-        },
-        onProgress
-      );
+      let caught: unknown;
+      try {
+        await client.run(
+          "owner/model:5c7d5dc6dd8bf75c1acaa8565735e7986bc5b66206b55cca93cb72c9bf15ccaa",
+          {
+            wait: { mode: "poll" },
+            input: { text: "Hello, world!" },
+            signal,
+          },
+          onProgress
+        );
+      } catch (err) {
+        caught = err;
+      }
 
       expect(body).toBeDefined();
       expect(body?.["signal"]).toBeUndefined();
       expect(signal.aborted).toBe(true);
-      expect(output).toBeUndefined();
+      // Regression for replicate-javascript#370: an aborted run() must throw
+      // an AbortError so the caller can detect cancellation, not silently
+      // resolve to `undefined` from the canceled prediction's empty output.
+      expect((caught as Error | undefined)?.name).toBe("AbortError");
 
       expect(onProgress).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
         1,
@@ -1625,16 +1633,36 @@ describe("Replicate client", () => {
           status: "processing",
         })
       );
-      expect(onProgress).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
-        3,
-        expect.objectContaining({
-          status: "canceled",
-        })
-      );
 
       scope.done();
     });
 
+    test("throws AbortError immediately when signal is already aborted", async () => {
+      // Regression for replicate-javascript#370: a pre-aborted signal must
+      // short-circuit before any HTTP request — previously run() created the
+      // prediction and waited for it anyway.
+      const controller = new AbortController();
+      controller.abort();
+
+      let caught: unknown;
+      try {
+        await client.run(
+          "owner/model:5c7d5dc6dd8bf75c1acaa8565735e7986bc5b66206b55cca93cb72c9bf15ccaa",
+          {
+            wait: { mode: "poll" },
+            input: { text: "Hello, world!" },
+            signal: controller.signal,
+          }
+        );
+      } catch (err) {
+        caught = err;
+      }
+
+      expect((caught as Error | undefined)?.name).toBe("AbortError");
+      // No nock scope was registered — if any HTTP request fired, nock would
+      // throw a "Nock: No match for request" error instead of an AbortError.
+    });
+
     test("returns FileOutput for URLs when useFileOutput is true", async () => {
       client = new Replicate({ auth: "foo", useFileOutput: true });