[drivers][i2c] Serialize bus control with transfers

[manyangshen]

拉取/合并请求描述：(PR description)

rt_i2c_control() can change the controller configuration while rt_i2c_transfer() is using the bus. Take the same bus mutex around control commands, including SET_MAX_HZ, and release it through a common exit path. Error handling follows rt_i2c_transfer(); the API documentation now states that control requires thread context.

Fixes #11524.

Validation

GCC 16.1 compiled the complete I2C core and device wrapper against repository headers. Host tests with a pthread mutex adapter pass concurrent transfer/control combinations, control/control, max_hz updates, lock and callback errors, and a nested control-to-transfer call. The unpatched source fails the regression suite.

Configuration: RT_USING_I2C, RT_USING_DEVICE_OPS, RT_USING_MUTEX and RT_USING_SEMAPHORE. Changed-line clang-format and git diff --check pass. No target BSP, QEMU or I2C hardware test was run; the host adapter does not test RT-Thread priority inheritance.

当前拉取/合并请求的状态 Intent for your PR

必须选择一项 Choose one (Mandatory):

• 本拉取/合并请求是一个草稿版本 This PR is for a code-review and is intended to get feedback
• 本拉取/合并请求是一个成熟版本 This PR is mature, and ready to be integrated into the repo

代码质量 Code Quality：

我在这个拉取/合并请求中已经考虑了 As part of this pull request, I've considered the following:

• 已经仔细查看过代码改动的对比 Already check the difference between PR and old code
• 代码风格正确，包括缩进空格，命名及其他风格 Style guide is adhered to, including spacing, naming and other styles
• 没有垃圾代码，代码尽量精简，不包含#if 0代码，不包含已经被注释了的代码 All redundant code is removed and cleaned up
• 所有变更均有原因及合理的，并且不会影响到其他软件组件代码或BSP All modifications are justified and not affect other components or BSP
• 对难懂代码均提供对应的注释 I've commented appropriately where code is tricky
• 代码是高质量的 Code in this PR is of high quality
• 已经使用clang-format 源码格式化工具确保格式符合RT-Thread代码规范 This PR has been formatted with clang-format and complies with RT-Thread code specification
• 如果是新增bsp, 已经添加ci检查到.github/ALL_BSP_COMPILE.json 详细请参考链接BSP自查

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[github-actions]

📌 Code Review Assignment

🏷️ Tag: components

Reviewers: @Maihuanyi

Changed Files (Click to expand)

• components/drivers/i2c/dev_i2c_core.c
• components/drivers/include/drivers/dev_i2c.h

🏷️ Tag: components_driver_i2c

Reviewers: @wdfk-prog

Changed Files (Click to expand)

• components/drivers/i2c/dev_i2c_core.c

---

📊 Current Review Status (Last Updated: 2026-09-22 18:48 CST)

• ⌛ @Maihuanyi Pending Review
• ⌛ @wdfk-prog Pending Review

---

📝 Review Instructions

1. 维护者可以通过单击此处来刷新审查状态: 🔄 刷新状态
   Maintainers can refresh the review status by clicking here: 🔄 Refresh Status

2. 确认审核通过后评论 LGTM/lgtm
   Comment LGTM/lgtm after confirming approval

3. PR合并前需至少一位维护者确认
   PR must be confirmed by at least one maintainer before merging

ℹ️ 刷新CI状态操作需要具备仓库写入权限。
ℹ️ Refresh CI status operation requires repository Write permission.

[github-actions]

👋 感谢您对 RT-Thread 的贡献！Thank you for your contribution to RT-Thread!

为确保代码符合 RT-Thread 的编码规范，请在你的仓库中执行以下步骤运行代码格式化工作流（如果格式化CI运行失败）。
To ensure your code complies with RT-Thread's coding style, please run the code formatting workflow by following the steps below (If the formatting of CI fails to run).

---

🛠 操作步骤 | Steps

1. 前往 Actions 页面 | Go to the Actions page
   点击进入工作流 → | Click to open workflow →

2. 点击 Run workflow | Click Run workflow

• Use workflow from 保持默认分支（通常为 master）
  Keep the default branch (usually master) in Use workflow from
• 在 branch 输入框填写 PR 分支 fix/i2c-control-lock
  Enter PR branch fix/i2c-control-lock in the branch field
• 设置需排除的文件/目录（目录请以"/"结尾）
  Set files/directories to exclude (directories should end with "/")

3. 等待工作流完成 | Wait for the workflow to complete
   格式化后的代码将作为独立提交推送至你的分支。
   The formatting changes will be pushed to your branch as a separate commit.

完成后，提交将自动更新至 fix/i2c-control-lock 分支，关联的 Pull Request 也会同步更新。
Once completed, commits will be pushed to the fix/i2c-control-lock branch automatically, and the related Pull Request will be updated.

如有问题欢迎联系我们，再次感谢您的贡献！💐
If you have any questions, feel free to reach out. Thanks again for your contribution!

[wdfk-prog]

LGTM

• 虽然不一定所有的BSP自定义的control都是需要互斥保护的;但是control确实是需要加锁的,由bsp内部加锁也不合适;所以是得加锁保护更好些

[manyangshen]

这组修复已准备好进入正式评审：本 PR 以及 #11821、#11822、#11823、#11824、#11825、#11826。

我重新检查了各 PR 的当前提交，7 组主机回归测试、修改行 clang-format 和 git diff --check 均通过；PM 覆盖 4 种配置，OpenAMP 覆盖两份 BSP 实现。#11823 的 static/局部缓冲区问题也已在对应评审线程回复并补做交错调用对照验证。目标板和上游完整 CI 的验证范围仍以各 PR 描述为准。

目前各 PR 的 CLA 均已通过，但上游 Actions 显示 action_required，等待维护者批准运行。烦请有权限的维护者批准这些待运行的工作流，并继续评审。如有测试失败或修改意见，我会继续跟进。谢谢！