test: cover Readable.from() sync iterator errors

[jakecastelli]

Adds regression coverage for Readable.from() when consuming synchronous iterators across null-value and promise-rejection paths which we don't have coverage atm.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.15%. Comparing base (82babee) to head (e1ce5bd).
⚠️ Report is 63 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #65515      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   90.12%   90.15%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         751      751              
  Lines      252543   253550    +1007     
  Branches    47516    47769     +253     
==========================================
+ Hits       227611   228583     +972     
+ Misses      16244    16197      -47     
- Partials     8688     8770      +82     

see 67 files with indirect coverage changes

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[jazelly]

lgtm

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/76498/

[nodejs-github-bot]

Landed in 8813291