feat(django-google-spanner): support Django 6.0

.github/workflows/django-spanner-django6.0_tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'packages/django-google-spanner/**'
+      - '.github/workflows/django-spanner-django6.0_tests.yml'
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - 'packages/django-google-spanner/**'
+      - '.github/workflows/django-spanner-django6.0_tests.yml'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: packages/django-google-spanner
+
+name: django-spanner-django6.0-tests
+jobs:
+  check_changes:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      run_django_spanner: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.django_spanner }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@df4cb1c069e1874edd31b4311f1884172cec0e10 # v6.0.3
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@fbd0ab8f3e69293af611ebaee6363fc25e6d187d # v4.0.1
+        id: filter
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            django_spanner:
+              - 'packages/django-google-spanner/**'
+              - '.github/workflows/django-spanner-django6.0_tests.yml'
+
+  system-tests:
+    needs: check_changes
+    if: ${{ needs.check_changes.outputs.run_django_spanner == 'true' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        chunk: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+        include:
+          - chunk: 0
+            apps: admin_changelist admin_ordering distinct_on_fields expressions_window fixtures_model_package datetimes custom_methods generic_inline_admin field_defaults datatypes empty m2o_recursive many_to_one_null migrate_signals model_forms.test_uuid view_tests update select_related_onetoone sessions_tests
+          - chunk: 1
+            apps: db_functions save_delete_hooks get_object_or_404 model_indexes custom_pk indexes transaction_hooks constraints schema custom_columns i18n from_db_value sites_tests mutually_referential model_package defer_regress update_only_fields backends redirects_tests expressions get_or_create foreign_object generic_relations_regress many_to_many select_related generic_relations queryset_pickle model_inheritance
+          - chunk: 2
+            apps: model_options known_related_objects m2m_signals delete_regress fixtures generic_views model_inheritance_regress nested_foreign_keys lookup delete model_formsets
+          - chunk: 3
+            apps: signals or_lookups m2m_through_regress filtered_relation servers m2m_through fixtures_regress timezones model_forms.tests
+          - chunk: 4
+            apps: introspection multiple_database null_fk_ordering ordering m2m_intermediary null_fk max_lengths dates force_insert_update test_client m2m_multiple test_client_regress sitemaps_tests admin_inlines transactions null_queries test_runner m2m_and_m2o prefetch_related m2m_regress file_uploads sites_framework auth_tests forms_tests inline_formsets order_with_respect_to contenttypes_tests defer
+          - chunk: 5
+            apps: file_storage m2m_recursive reverse_lookup managers_regress basic annotations unmanaged_models string_lookup aggregation_regress reserved_names select_for_update many_to_one cache select_related_regress flatpages_tests model_formsets_regress
+          - chunk: 6
+            apps: model_fields queries.test_bulk_update queries.test_explain
+          - chunk: 7
+            apps: queries.test_iterator queries.test_q queries.test_query queries.test_qs_combinators
+          - chunk: 8
+            apps: inspectdb custom_managers migrations validation get_earliest_or_latest proxy_model_inheritance one_to_one raw_query bulk_create
+          - chunk: 9
+            apps: queries.tests
+
+    services:
+      emulator:
+        image: gcr.io/cloud-spanner-emulator/emulator:latest # zizmor: ignore[unpinned-images]
+        ports:
+          - 9010:9010
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@df4cb1c069e1874edd31b4311f1884172cec0e10 # v6.0.3
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+      - name: Run Django tests
+        run: sh django_test_suite_6.0.sh
+        env:
+          SPANNER_EMULATOR_HOST: localhost:9010
+          GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT: emulator-test-project
+          GOOGLE_CLOUD_TESTS_CREATE_SPANNER_INSTANCE: true
+          RUNNING_SPANNER_BACKEND_TESTS: 1
+          SPANNER_TEST_INSTANCE: google-cloud-django-backend-tests
+          DJANGO_TEST_APPS: ${{ matrix.apps }}

packages/django-google-spanner/django_spanner/__init__.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 
 USE_EMULATOR = os.getenv("SPANNER_EMULATOR_HOST") is not None
 
-SUPPORTED_DJANGO_VERSIONS = [(5, 2)]
+SUPPORTED_DJANGO_VERSIONS = [(6, 0), (5, 2)]
 
 check_django_compatability(SUPPORTED_DJANGO_VERSIONS)
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def autofield_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
             == "true"
         ):
             self.default = gen_rand_int64
-            self.db_returning = False
+            self.db_returning = True
             self.validators = []
             break
 

packages/django-google-spanner/django_spanner/base.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import os
 
 from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
+from asgiref.sync import sync_to_async
 from google.cloud import spanner, spanner_dbapi
 
 from .client import DatabaseClient
@@ -216,6 +217,9 @@ def _set_autocommit(self, autocommit):
         with self.wrap_database_errors:
             self.connection.autocommit = autocommit
 
+    async def _a_set_autocommit(self, autocommit):
+        return await sync_to_async(self._set_autocommit)(autocommit)
+
     def is_usable(self):
         """Check whether the connection is valid.
 

packages/django-google-spanner/django_spanner/features.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 import os
 
+import django
 from django.db.backends.base.features import BaseDatabaseFeatures
 from django.db.utils import InterfaceError
 
@@ -14,23 +15,36 @@
 
 class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures):
     can_introspect_big_integer_field = False
+
+    @property
+    def introspected_field_types(self):
+        return {
+            **super().introspected_field_types,
+            "BigIntegerField": "IntegerField",
+            "BigAutoField": "AutoField",
+            "SmallAutoField": "AutoField",
+            "SmallIntegerField": "IntegerField",
+            "PositiveBigIntegerField": "IntegerField",
+            "PositiveIntegerField": "IntegerField",
+            "PositiveSmallIntegerField": "IntegerField",
+            "DurationField": "IntegerField",
+        }
+
     can_introspect_duration_field = False
+    can_return_columns_from_insert = True
+
     can_introspect_foreign_keys = False
     # TimeField is introspected as DateTimeField because they both use
     # TIMESTAMP.
     can_introspect_time_field = False
     closed_cursor_error_class = InterfaceError
-    # Spanner uses REGEXP_CONTAINS which is case-sensitive.
-    has_case_insensitive_like = False
     # https://cloud.google.com/spanner/quotas#query_limits
     max_query_params = 900
     # Spanner does not support parameterized defaults in DDL
     requires_literal_defaults = True
 
     if os.environ.get("RUNNING_SPANNER_BACKEND_TESTS") == "1":
         supports_foreign_keys = False
-    else:
-        supports_foreign_keys = True
     can_create_inline_fk = False
     supports_ignore_conflicts = False
     supports_partial_indexes = False
@@ -42,23 +56,20 @@ class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures):
     if USE_EMULATOR:
         # Emulator does not support json.
         supports_json_field = False
-        # Emulator does not support check constrints.
+        # Emulator does not support check constraints.
         supports_column_check_constraints = False
         supports_table_check_constraints = False
-    else:
-        supports_column_check_constraints = True
-        supports_table_check_constraints = True
-        supports_json_field = True
     supports_primitives_in_json_field = False
     supports_composite_primary_keys = True
     # Spanner does not support order by null modifiers.
     supports_order_by_nulls_modifier = False
+    supports_any_value = True
+    supports_covering_indexes = True
     # Spanner does not support SELECTing an arbitrary expression that also
     # appears in the GROUP BY clause.
     supports_subqueries_in_group_by = False
     uses_savepoints = False  # Spanner does not support savepoints.
     can_rollback_tests = False  # Spanner savepoints are no-ops; rely on flush.
-    supports_aggregate_filter_clause = False
     # Spanner does not support expression indexes
     # example: CREATE INDEX index_name ON table (LOWER(column_name))
     supports_expression_indexes = False
@@ -2256,3 +2267,33 @@ class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures):
             "expressions.tests.BasicExpressionsTests.test_outerref_mixed_case_table_name",
             "db_functions.text.test_concat.ConcatTests.test_concat_non_str",
         )
+
+    django_6_0_skip_tests = (
+        # Indexes tests (upstream tests hardcode PostgreSQL's INCLUDE keyword)
+        "indexes.tests.CoveringIndexTests.test_covering_index",
+        "indexes.tests.CoveringIndexTests.test_covering_partial_index",
+        # Spanner uses random int64 IDs; test assumes monotonic ordering matching insertion order.
+        "prefetch_related.tests.PrefetchRelatedMTICacheTests.test_parent_m2m_available_in_child",
+        # Client-side AutoField ID generation sets pk before save; _is_pk_set() triggers refresh_from_db instead of AttributeError.
+        "defer_regress.tests.DeferCopyInstanceTests.test_bulk_create",
+        "defer_regress.tests.DeferCopyInstanceTests.test_save",
+        # Spanner does not support nested transactions/savepoints; raising inside atomic() aborts the whole transaction.
+        "update_only_fields.tests.UpdateOnlyFieldsTests.test_update_fields_not_updated",
+        # Test checks warning caller stacklevel; wrapping create_test_db shifts frame depth.
+        "backends.base.test_creation.TestDbCreationTests.test_serialize_deprecation",
+        # Runtime client-side AutoField initialization defaults trigger false-positive diffs in makemigrations autodetector.
+        "migrations.test_commands.MakeMigrationsTests.test_makemigrations_check_no_changes",
+        "migrations.test_commands.MakeMigrationsTests.test_makemigrations_model_rename_interactive",
+        "migrations.test_commands.MakeMigrationsTests.test_makemigrations_no_changes",
+        # Spanner query parameter limit (max_query_params = 900) limits batch chunk size.
+        "bulk_create.tests.BulkCreateTests.test_max_batch_size",
+        # Query count assertions mismatch due to Spanner batch DML execution behavior.
+        "bulk_create.tests.BulkCreateTransactionTests.test_multiple_batches",
+        # All objects get client-side PKs, collapsing multi-query insertion into a single batch query.
+        "bulk_create.tests.BulkCreateTransactionTests.test_objs_with_and_without_pk",
+        # Tie-breaker ordering on pk assumes sequential integer IDs; Spanner uses random IDs.
+        "ordering.tests.OrderingTests.test_order_by_case_when_constant_value",
+    )
+
+    if django.VERSION >= (6, 0):
+        skip_tests += django_6_0_skip_tests

packages/django-google-spanner/django_spanner/lookups.py

@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@ def contains(self, compiler, connection):
     :rtype: tuple[str, str]
     :returns: A tuple of the SQL request and parameters.
     """
-    lhs_sql, params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
+    lhs_sql, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
     rhs_sql, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+    params = list(lhs_params)
     params.extend(rhs_params)
     is_icontains = self.lookup_name.startswith("i")
     if self.rhs_is_direct_value() and params and not self.bilateral_transforms:
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def contains(self, compiler, connection):
         if is_icontains:
             params[0] = "(?i)" + params[0]
         # rhs_sql is REGEXP_CONTAINS(%s, %%s), and lhs_sql is the column name.
-        return rhs_sql % lhs_sql, params
+        return rhs_sql % lhs_sql, tuple(params)
     else:
         # rhs_sql is the expression/column to use as the base of the regular
         # expression.
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ def contains(self, compiler, connection):
         return (
             "REGEXP_CONTAINS(%s, %s)"
             % (lhs_sql, connection.pattern_esc.format(rhs_sql)),
-            params,
+            tuple(params),
         )
 
 
@@ -89,8 +90,9 @@ def iexact(self, compiler, connection):
     :rtype: tuple[str, str]
     :returns: A tuple of the SQL request and parameters.
     """
-    lhs_sql, params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
+    lhs_sql, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
     rhs_sql, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+    params = list(lhs_params)
     params.extend(rhs_params)
     rhs_sql = self.get_rhs_op(connection, rhs_sql)
     # Wrap the parameter in ^ and $ to restrict the regex to an exact match.
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ def iexact(self, compiler, connection):
                 rhs_sql = rhs_sql.replace("%s", "%%s")
                 rhs_sql = rhs_sql.replace("__PLACEHOLDER_FOR_LHS_SQL__", "%s")
     # rhs_sql is REGEXP_CONTAINS(%s, %%s), and lhs_sql is the column name.
-    return rhs_sql % lhs_sql, params
+    return rhs_sql % lhs_sql, tuple(params)
 
 
 def regex(self, compiler, connection):
@@ -136,8 +138,9 @@ def regex(self, compiler, connection):
     :rtype: tuple[str, str]
     :returns: A tuple of the SQL request and parameters.
     """
-    lhs_sql, params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
+    lhs_sql, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
     rhs_sql, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+    params = list(lhs_params)
     params.extend(rhs_params)
     is_iregex = self.lookup_name.startswith("i")
     if self.rhs_is_direct_value() and params and not self.bilateral_transforms:
@@ -147,13 +150,13 @@ def regex(self, compiler, connection):
         else:
             params[0] = str(params[0])
         # rhs_sql is REGEXP_CONTAINS(%s, %%s), and lhs_sql is the column name.
-        return rhs_sql % lhs_sql, params
+        return rhs_sql % lhs_sql, tuple(params)
     else:
         # rhs_sql is the expression/column to use as the base of the regular
         # expression.
         if is_iregex:
             rhs_sql = "CONCAT('(?i)', " + rhs_sql + ")"
-        return "REGEXP_CONTAINS(%s, %s)" % (lhs_sql, rhs_sql), params
+        return "REGEXP_CONTAINS(%s, %s)" % (lhs_sql, rhs_sql), tuple(params)
 
 
 def startswith_endswith(self, compiler, connection):
@@ -179,8 +182,9 @@ def startswith_endswith(self, compiler, connection):
     :rtype: tuple[str, str]
     :returns: A tuple of the SQL request and parameters.
     """
-    lhs_sql, params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
+    lhs_sql, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
     rhs_sql, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+    params = list(lhs_params)
     params.extend(rhs_params)
     is_startswith = "startswith" in self.lookup_name
     is_endswith = "endswith" in self.lookup_name
@@ -197,7 +201,7 @@ def startswith_endswith(self, compiler, connection):
         if is_insensitive:
             params[0] = "(?i)" + params[0]
         # rhs_sql is REGEXP_CONTAINS(%s, %%s), and lhs_sql is the column name.
-        return rhs_sql % lhs_sql, params
+        return rhs_sql % lhs_sql, tuple(params)
     else:
         # rhs_sql is the expression/column to use as the base of the regular
         # expression.
@@ -212,7 +216,7 @@ def startswith_endswith(self, compiler, connection):
         sql += ")"
         return (
             "REGEXP_CONTAINS(%s, %s)" % (lhs_sql, connection.pattern_esc.format(sql)),
-            params,
+            tuple(params),
         )
 
 
@@ -241,6 +245,7 @@ def cast_param_to_float(self, compiler, connection):
     :returns: A tuple of the SQL request and float parameters.
     """
     sql, params = self.as_sql(compiler, connection)
+    params = list(params) if params else []
     if params:
         # Cast remote field lookups that must be integer but come in as string.
         if hasattr(self.lhs.output_field, "get_path_info"):
@@ -251,7 +256,7 @@ def cast_param_to_float(self, compiler, connection):
                     params[i], str
                 ):
                     params[i] = int(params[i])
-    return sql, params
+    return sql, tuple(params)
 
 
 def register_lookups():

packages/django-google-spanner/django_spanner/operations.py

@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
     cast_char_field_without_max_length = "STRING"
     compiler_module = "django_spanner.compiler"
 
+    def returning_columns(self, fields):
+        if not fields:
+            return "", ()
+        columns = [self.quote_name(field.column) for field in fields]
+        return "THEN RETURN %s" % ", ".join(columns), ()
+
+    # In Django <= 5.2, this method was named return_insert_columns
+    return_insert_columns = returning_columns
+
     # Django's lookup names that require a different name in Spanner's
     # EXTRACT() function.
     # https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/functions-and-operators#extract